Processes in the male genital tract
The supplying of the spermatozoa occurs in the male genital tract. Figure 21 provides an overview of the path the spermatozoa travel during an ejaculation.
- Testis / testicles
(present as a pair) - Ductus epididymidis
(a pair) - Deferent duct / Vas deferens
(a pair) - Ampulla of the deferent duct
(a pair) - Glandula vesiculosa / Seminal gland
(a pair) - Ductus ejaculatorius
(a pair) - Prostata
(single) - excretory duct of the prostate
(several present) - Bulbourethral gland Cowper's glands)
(a pair) - Urethral gland (Littre's gland)
(several) - Urethra
(single) - Urinary bladder
(single)
Testis (= where the spermatozoa are generated), epididymis (= storage place for the sperm cells).
The ejaculation path of the sperm is formed by the two vas deferens (3), both ejaculatory ducts (6), and the urethra (11).
The ejaculatory duct refers to the canal that goes through the prostate into the urethra.
Along the ejaculation path various glands (4+5+7+9+10 in the figure) add their secretions to the ejaculate.
Processes in the testis
The spermatozoa are produced from the spermatogonia of the testis. They arise through mitotic and meiotic divisions in the seminiferous tubules (tubuli seminiferi contorti) there (see spermatogenesis).
Around 600 - 800 seminiferous tubules build the main part of the testis parenchyma and are arranged in over 300 tiny, incompletely partitioned lobules. With a length of roughly 50 - 60 cm for an individual seminiferous tubule it can be calculated that in a single testis a total canal length of around 300 m is accommodated. In addition, the cells that produce the hormone testosterone (Leydig's cells) are present in the interstitial tissue as well.
- 1
- Testis
- 2
- Tubuli seminiferi contorti
- 3
- Lobules
- 4
- Ductuli efferentes testis
- 5
- Ductus epididymidis
- 5a
- Caput epididymidis
- 5b
- Corpus epedidymidis
- 5c
- Cauda epididymidis
- 6
- Deferent duct / vas deferens
In the testicle the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules (tubuli seminiferi contorti) are arranged in lobules.
The epididymis is formed from one, single 5-6 m long, tightly coiled canal, termed ductus epididymidis. The epididymis is subdivided into a head (caput) - in this part the 10-20 ductuli efferentes testis coming from the testis flow - a body (corpus) and a tail (cauda)
Processes in the epididymis
Following their production in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, the sperm cells are collected and stored in the ductus epididymidis.
Le pool de spermatozoïdes prêts à l'éjaculation se trouve dans la partie caudale du canal épididymaire; celui-ci se jète immédiatement dans le canal déférent. Il faut en moyenne 14 jours aux spermatozoïdes pour parcourir d'un bout à l'autre les 5 à 6m de canal épididymaire. Les spermatozoïdes subissent différentes étapes de maturation morphologique et fonctionnelle durant ces deux semaines:
- Through the deposition of new proteins in the nucleus, the DNA becomes more condensed. The sperm head becomes smaller, thereby, and more compact. This is an important step for the later correct decondensation of the paternal DNA in the maternal oocyte.
- The already meager cytoplasma is further reduced, making the sperm cells more slender.
- The ability for motility is achieved but at the same time inhibited by the milieu.
- The structure of the plasma membrane is altered. This has effects on the motility, the capacitation ability and the ability for the acrosome reaction.
From this, the following should be noted: