Chapters
21.0 Learning aims, what you should already know, introduction, delving deeper
Color code
for the
genital tract module
Paramesonephros
(Müller)
:
blue
Mesonephros
(Wolff):
fuchsia-violet
Urogenital sinus
(endoderm):
yellow
Ligaments:
brown
Learning aims
What you should already know
Introduction
Delving deeper
21.1 Genetic factors and hormones that determine gender
Genetic factors: introduction
History and function of the SRY gene
The other genes involved in gender differentiation
Hormonal factors: introduction
Leydig's interstitial cells: function, mode of operation and hormonal secretion
Sertoli's supporting cells: function, mode of operation and hormonal secretion
21.2 Embryo with undifferentiated gonads
Anatomic relationship between the genital and urinary systems
21.3 Differentiation of the gonads
Gonads: indifferent stage
Testes: differentiation
Development of the parenchyma
Development of the stroma
Summary
Ovaries: differentiation
Development of the stroma
Development of the parenchyma
Summary
Descent of the testes
Displacement of the ovaries
21.4 Development of the internal genital organs
Indifferent stage
In males:
Differentiation of the canal system in the genital organ
Differentiation of the accessory sex glands
Differentiation of the urogenital sinus
In females:
Differentiation of the canal system in the genital organ
Differentiation of the accessory sex glands
Differentiation of the urogenital sinus
Summary: Development of the internal genital organs
21.5 The external genitalia
Indifferent stage
Differentiated stage of the male genitalia
Differentiated stage of the female genitalia
21.6 Pathology
Introduction
Pathology of sexual differentiation conditioned by genetic or hormonal causes
True hermaphroditism
Pseudohermaphroditism in males
Pseudohermaphroditism in females
Turner's syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome
Abnormalities of male genitalia
Hypospadia
Epispadia
Agenesis of the penis / clitoris
Bifid penis or clitoris / micropenis
Cryptorchidism / ectopia of the testicles
Inguinal hernia / hydrocele / cysts
Testicular torsion
Abnormalities of female genitalia
Utero-vaginal abnormalities
Endometriosis
Absent perforation of the hymen
Tumors arising from the germ cells
Germinoma
Embryonic carcinoma
Teratoma
Tumors arising from the yolk sac
Choriocarcinoma
21.7 Quiz
Test your knowledge
21.8 Brief summary
Summarized
21.9 Bibliography
References